Hydraulic machine



2 Sheets-Sheet 1 M/NL NM,

W. H. SPIRE HYDRAULIC MACHINE Filed March 19, 1936 ...Ti f

June 13, 1939.

' June 13, 1939. v w. H, SPlRE I 21,162,132 l HYDRAULIC MACHINE Filed March 19, 1936 2 lSheetS-Sheet 2 5/ ,ya ml l fz- 55h/fs 563 274:5 5 .L JW 61 j y C/On/'o//er Cla/(ig Patented June 13, 1939 HYDRAULIC MACHINE William H. Spire, Cleveland, Ohio, assignor to Thompson Products. Incorporated, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application 'March 19, 193s, serial No. 69,744

13 Claims.

This application is a continuation in part of my application, Serial No. 678,531, led on June 30, 1933, entitled Electrical metal gathering machine, and which issued on April 14, 1936, as Patent No.

This application relates particularly to a hydraulic machine adapted for use as an operator of an anvil in metal forging and shaping'operations, and for the application of pressure in other operations.

It is an object of this invention to provide an anvil or abutment against which metal may be pressed for forging or shaping, and to provide pressure means to control movement of the anvil so that in a metal working operation there is the application of a. light pressure to the worked specimen followed by a sudden increase in pressure, and a movement of the anvil coordinated with changes in the temperature and physical characteristics of the worked specimen.

It is an object of this invention to provide amachine for metal working operations which is operative so that there is the application of light pressure between two moving parts at the beginning of their movement, and while they are travelling in unison, vfollowed by a sudden increase in pressure.

It is an object of this invention to provide a machine for metal working operations which is operative to cause a relatively light initial retarding force to be offered to a heated work specimen that is being advanced under constant pressure, iillowed by a sudden increase in the retarding force, and a subsequent retarding force coordinated with changes in the temperature and the physical characteristics of the worked specimen to bring about a desired deformation of a portion of the specimen.

Itis an object of this invention to provide a hydraulic machine having a movable abutment adapted to retard movement of amoving object, and arranged operative to offer a relatively light retarding force in its initial movement followed by a sudden increase of retarding force, followed by a retarding force responsive to the acceleration of its moving parts.

It is an object of this invention to provide a hydraulic machine having a movable abutment adapted to retard movement of a moving object,

and associated control means operative to produce selected movement of the abutment in one and another direction of movement.

Other and further important objects will appear hereinafter.

In the drawings:

(Cl. --51l Figure 1 is a front view of the hydraulic machine with parts in plan, parts in section, and parts broken.

Figure 21s a view of a detail of the means shown in Figure l, with parts in plan, parts in section, 5 and parts broken.

Figure 3 is a diagrammatic showing of the fluid pressure system for connection to the machine of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a diagrammatic showing of the fluid 10 pressure system together with a diagrammatic showing of related control circuits and switches.

In Figure 1 there is shown a novel hydraulic machine, indicated generally by the numeral I0, and having an anvil I I suitably connected to operating pistons for movement therewith in a manner described hereinafter. The anvil II may be of any suitable form, while in the drawings it is shown as the anvil electrode of a metal gathering machine.

Secured to a bedplate I2 is a standard I3 through which pins I4 are slidable to carry the thrust of the anvil II to a yoke member I5. The pins I4 are provided with extending reduced portions I6 which are entered in suitable recesses in 25 the yoke I5.

A relatively long piston I1 bears against a central extending portion I8 of the yoke I5, and is provided with a reduced forwardly extending portion I9 entered in a suitable recess in the yoke I5. 30 The piston Il is suitably packed to be fluid tight but slidable in a cylinder 20. The cylinder 20 is -provided with a slot 2| in a wall thereof so that the cylinder may be slipped over the yoke I5 to bear against the standard I3. 'Ihe cylinder 20 is 35 secured to a piston 22 slidable in another, and larger cylinder 23, at the end of an extending neck 24, by a nut 25, and the neck is provided with a port 26.

The port 26 communicates with the interior of 40 the cylinders 20 and 23, and with an accumulator described hereinafter, through a port 21 in the cylinder 23.

Studs 28 are threaded at one end in the standard I3, and engage the cylinder 23 at the other 45 end to support and anchor the cylinder to the standard and thereby communicate thrust from the anvil II to the frame of the machine. Suitable means, such as Woodrui keys 29. secure the studs 28 to the cylinder 23 to prevent spread- 50 ing apart of the studs under thrust conditions. Channeled portions 30 of the studs 28, provided with a semi-cylindrical bottom portion, provide a bearing for the pins I4 and an abutment for the rear end of the cylinder 23.

It will now be obvious that the machine may be assembled with great ease. To assemble, the studs 23 are secured into the standard I3, the pins I4 are then inserted, and the yoke I5 is put in place,` the cylinders are assembled in telescoped relation and slipped into position between the studs 23, and when a slight fluid pressure is appliedto the piston 22 the parts take up their working position.

It will be clear that the cylinders are supported axially aligned by the rel-atively long piston I1, and this piston is supported by the yoke I5 and the pins I4 slidably borne by the channeled portions 33.

Rearward thrust of the yoke I5 on the pins I4, and through them to the anvil II, is limited by abutment members, such as bosses 3| formed on the standard I3 adapted to engage the yoke I5 and determine the extent of its rearward travel.

Figure 3 shows diagrammatically the piping layout connecting a convention accumulator with the machine.

In Figure 3, an oil filled weighted accumulator 32, of a conventional type, with adjustable weights, is connected to the port 21 of the cylinder 23 by a pipe 21 and two branch pipes 33 and 34, respectively.

In pipe 33 there is interposed a solenoid operated stop valve 35, and a check valve 35.

In the pipe 34 there is interposed a spring-v loaded needle-type relief valve 31 which also serves as a check valve.

With the yoke I5 bearing against lthe bosses 3| there is no pressure against the anvil II, but the pressure in the cylinder holds the assembled parts of the 4machine in operative relation.

If a rod 33 is thrust forwardly, from right to left, by some appropriate means such as a pusher 39 driven bythe pusher motor 40, geared thereto, described in the copending application already referred to, into thrusting engagement with the anvil II, the thrust is transmitted through the pins I4 to the yoke I5, to the piston I1, and to the accumulator 32 by way of the fluid in the pipe 34.

In metal gathering operations the anvil II may have a portion of a desired shape, as at 4I, to receive the end of the rod and to assist in determining the shape of the end of a heated rod.

In the metal gathering operation described in the copending application hereinbefore mentioned, the first step is to push the rod into firm engagement with the anvil II to 'cause a slight forward movement of the anvil and then to stop the motor. The initial movement of the yoke I5 is not enough to bring its bearing portion 42, rearward of the portion I3, into engage- 'ment with the abutment 43 at the forward end of the slot 2| in the wall of the cylinder 20, so the force on the yoke I5 is that exerted by thel smaller piston I1. at the very beginning of movement of the anvil II, a switch 44 is closed by movement of the pusher 33, or by other appropriate means, to close a circuit containing a source of current 45 and connecting wires 41 to energize the solenoid of the valve 35 and so cause application of the hydraulic system pressure from the accumulator 32 tothe machine I0.

Oil that has been forced out of cylinder 20 by forward movement of the piston I1 passes by pipe 34 through the relief valve 31 to theaccumulator to be stored therein.

arcaica While the pusher 39 is held at'rest in the first step, current from a suitable source is passed through the anvil II andthe rodA 33, and as the end of the rod becomes hot and soft it is shaped to engage a larger area of the anvil portion 4I because of the rearward thrust of the anvil I I, and the end of the rod is conditionedfor the next step in the gathering process.

At the end of the conditioning stepthe pusher 33 is moved forward, and the yoke I5 now moves forward to engage the abutment 43 and push the cylinder 20 and the large piston 22 forward. At the moment that the piston 22 begins to move forward its motion is suddenly retarded because ofthe larger volume of oil beingdlsplaced and forced through the needle valve 31 against the increased spring pressure on the valve as the valve is lifted. A s the pusher now moves forward it causes opening of the switch 44 and closing of the valve 35, and forward movement of the anvil is controlled by the needle valve 31,--return flow of fluid along the pipe 33 being prevented by the check valve 36.

Should the rod 38 upset too readily the pressure for upsetting should be reduced, and it is automatically reduced because, although the rod may be fed forwardly at a constant speed, the anvil I I will move more slowly, relative to the rod speed, and the rod is fed into the upset with increased rapidity and with a consequent reduction in the temperature of the gather.

If the rod does not heat readily and does not upset readily the pressure required to upset the rod is greater than normal, the speed of the anvil is increased, and the retarding force is automatically increased because of the increased resistance to flow of the rapidly moving oil through the spring loaded valve 31. The length of the rod between the anvil II and a xed electrode 48 increases at more than a normal rate, and there is a compensating increase in temperature because the`resistance of the rod in the heating circuit is increased and the heating depends upon the square of the current multiplied by thevresistance of the work portion in the circuit.

The valve 31 is adjusted so that the anvil II reaches the end of its stroke appreciably in advance of the arrival of the pusher 39 at the end of its working stroke.

Summarizing, there is the application of alight pressure between two moving parts at the beginning of their movement, and While they are travelling in unison, followed by a sudden increase in pressure, with this increasedv pressure controlledI so that one of the parts moves at a rate inversely proportional to the controlled pressure,

and with the difference in the velocity of the moving parts resulting in energy being stored. The stored energy maybe held and maintained to return one of the moving parts to its initial position.

It will be obvious that the machine provides a simple means for automatically adjusting the pressure applied by the anvil to the worked specimen to meet the changes in the contour of the hot end of the specimen during the period in which the specimen is not being fed against the anvil. It will also be obvious that the machine provides a simple means for automatically compensating for such variables as the hardness of the rod, the voltage and heating effect ofthe supply circuit, and variations in the feed speed during the gathering operation, Within controlled limits.

v In the metal gathering process, when the anvil has moved forward a predetermined distance the pusher 39 is stopped and then retracted bythe stopping and reversing of the motor 40. After sufficient time has elapsed, and during which the rod has been removed bytheoperator, the valve -35 is opened to allow the energy stored in the accumulator to return the anvil to its initial position, and to then put the device in condition to take care of the initial push in the next gathering operation. When the metal working operation makes it desirable to do so, the valve 31 may be adjusted manually as the anvil moves forward, or as is indicated in Figure 3, the valve 31 may be automatically adjusted for progressive loading thereof by a lever and cam mechanism 49, or the like, connected to a moving part of the machine.

In the operation of the metal gathering machine for upsetting valves, or in an analogous metal working operation, the anvil is returned to its initial position by the opening of the solenoid valve 35 after the work piece has been removed by the operator, and while this opening of the valve may be effected automatically by the actuation of a switch by the pusher in returning to its initial position'and the interposing of time delay switches to give the operator ample time in which to remove the work piece before the valve opens, the arrangement shown in Figure 4 leaves the opening of the valve 35 at the end of the operation at the will of the operator. In Figure 4 there ls shown a relay 50 with its contactsl 5l in series with the solenoid of the valve 35 and energized by the momentary closing of a push button 52 in a circuit which includes a source of energy 53. The contact closing element 54 of Athe relay 50 is provided with a hook 55 to be engaged by a latch 56 of a holding or latching relay 51 so that when the push button circuit is opened after the button has been pressed momentarily the solenoid circuit remains closed because the member 54 is held in the closed position by the latch. The member 54 may be released by energizing the relay 51 upon the closing of a push button 58 to close a circuit including the relay 51 and a source of energy 59, but in the normal operating of the metal gathering machine the relay 51 is automatically energized by the operation of a time delay relay 60 which operates at the end of the conditioning period, already referred to, to start the motor 40, and at the same time close the valve 35 by causing unlatching of the member 54 and the opening of the solenoid circuit. The relay 60 is part of a control apparatus indicated generally by the numerals 6l, and connected to power lines 62, and since no claims are directed to means for operating the control apparatus 6| it is not described to avoid.' confusion of lines.

It will now be evident that the operator may close the button switch 52 to open the valve 35 at` the end of they gathering operation, and that the valve is automatically closed as the pusher 39 begins to advance at the end of the conditioning period to bring the anvil Il under the control of the relief valve 31. One simple way of automatically closing the valve 35 is indicated in the provision of a switch 63 that is closed as the pusher 39 advances to bridge the contacts of the button switch 58 by way of a circuit having the wires 64 and so release the relay member 54 to open the solenoid circuit. As is shown in Figure 4, a switch 65 may be connected to the anvil Il to interrupt the circuit 64 upon a predetermined movement of the anvil and so release the relay 51 for control by the push button switch 58.

While the metal gathering operation incident to the forming a knob of metal on the -end of a rod as a step in the making of valves has been` made use of in describing the functioning of the parts of the machine, it will be clearly appreciated that the machine is capable of use in other metal working operations. y

Operations are contemplated in which the pusher 39 may be at rest or moving forward at a decreased or decreasing rate while the metal becomes heated, and the pressure of the accumuf lator applied to the. yielding metal by the opening of the valve 35 upon the closing of the button switch 52.

Operations are also contemplated in which the metal is advanced in steps against the pressure experienced in forcing oil into the accumulator by way of the valve 31 and the pipe 34, with the application of pressure to theA anvil by the opening of the valve 35 when the pusher is at rest or is moving forward at a decreased or decreasing rate.

The metal may be pushed forward to bring about forward movement of the anvil and the storing of a desired amount of energy in the accumulator, then current may be applied to heat the metal, and shaping or forging of the metal accomplished by a suitable application of pressure by opening the valve 35 with suitable movement of the pusher.

The push button switches 52 and 58, with their relays 5I) and 51, respectively, provide meansfor readily subjecting the anvil to the pressure of the accumulator by way of pipes 33 and 34 as the forging or shaping operation demands, forward movement of the anvil being against the pressure in the pipe 34, and rearward movement of the anvil being effected by the stored energy in the accumulator through flow of oil by way of the pipe 33.

It will be obvious that the stored energy in the body of fluid behind the piston 22 is always immediately availableshould the forward push decrease because of yielding of the metal while the rod is being advanced by a motor running at constant speed, or in an operation in which the speed of the motor is decreased at some point of time in the operation. Thus, if the solenoid operated valve is opened to' connect the piston to the accumulator by way of the pipe 33 for the flow of fluid from the accumulator, the piston movement dueto the energy stored in the cylinder may bevsaid to anticipate the lag due to the fluid friction in the pipe.

In a forging operation in which a plurality of spaced gathers or enlarged sections are formed along the length of rod, the first gather is formed,

I then the heating current circuit is interrupted while the rod is advanced a desired distance in a relatively cold condition, andthe heating current is next applied to a desired portion of the rod while the rod is advanced against the anvil to form the next gather or enlargement. To enable the accumulator pressure to be applied in a desired manner to the anvil and at the desired moment the check valve 36 may be by-passed by a solenoid operated valve 35', the solenoid of which is interposed in series with the solenoid of the valve 35 by opening a switch 66, as is indicated in Figure 4.

.The check valve 36 may be made ineffective or effective when the valve 35 is held open by simply moving the switch 66 to the open or closed positions, respectively. Conduit 33 may thus be used as a single-way or as a two-way line for fluid flow, to give the pressure conditions desired for the several forging operations indicated, by interposingor by-passing the check valve' 36, respectively, and return flow to the accumulator by conduits 33 or 34 is thus available, at will. A

I am aware that many changes may be made and numerous details of construction may be varied through a wide range without departing from the principles of the invention, and I, therefore, do not purpose limiting the patent granted hereon otherwise than necessitated by the prior art.

What is claimed is:

l. A hydraulic machine comprising a source of fluid under pressure, a movable member, means to push said member in one direction of movement, and means in connection with said source and with said movable member arranged to selectively oppose movement of said movable member, said means comprising a rst cylinder, conduit means connecting said first cylinder with' said source of pressure, a valve interposed in said conduit, a second clyinder slidable in said first cylinder and in fluid communication therewith, a piston slidable in `said second cylinder,

said movable member being in engagement with said piston, and means responsive to movement of said movable member to operate said valve.

2. A hydraulic machine Icomprising a hydraulic accumulator, a movable member, means to push said member in one direction of movement, means connecting said movable member with said accumulator to effect storage of energy in said accumulator and selective opposition to movement of said movable member upon movement of said member in said one direction of movement, saidvmeans comprising a first cylinder, conduit means connecting said first cylinder with said accumulator, valve means interposed in said conduit means, a second cylinder slidable in said first cylinder and in fluid communication therewith, a piston slidable in said second cylinder, means responsive to movement of said movable member to connect said piston with said second cylinder for movement therewith, and manually operable means connected to said valve means to operate said valve to effect movement of said movable member in another direction.

3. A hydraulic machine comprising a source of fluid under pressure, a first cylinder, a first conduit connecting said first cylinder with said source, a flrst valve means interposed in said first conduit to control fluid flow to the cylinder from the source, a second conduit connecting said first cylinder with said source, a second valve means interposed in said second conduit to control fluid flow from the cylinder to the source, a second cylinder slidable in said first cylinder and in fluid communication therewith, a piston slidable in said second cylinder, a movable member in connection with said piston, means to push said movable member in one direction of movement, means to connect said piston to said secondl cylinder for movement therewith upon a predetermined movement of said piston, and means responsive to movement of said movable member to operate said first and said second valve means.

4. A hydraulic machine comprising a source of fluid under pressure, a first fluid pressed member in fluid connection with said source by a conduit, a valve interposed in said conduit, a movable member, means to push said member in one direction of movement, a second uid pressed member in fluid connection with said source by said conduit and ,connected in interposed con-4 nection between said first fluid pressed member and said movable member, and means responsive to movement of said movable member to operate said valve and control fluid flow to said second fluid pressed member.

5. A hydraulic machine comprising a source of fluid under pressure, a first fluid pressed meinber comprising a first piston having an area exposed to fluid pressure, a second fluid pressed member comprising a second piston having an area less than that of said first member exposed to pressure, a first cylinder in which said first piston is reciprocable, a second cylinder in which said second piston is reciprocable, conduit means connecting said cylinders in tandem forv fluid flow and to said source, said cylinders being relatively movable, and means responsive to the rate of relative movement of said cylinders operative to control flow of fluid through said conduit comprising a spring loaded valve in saidcondult.

6. A hydraulic machine comprising a source of fluid pressure, a rst ported fluid pressed member in fluid communication with said source by a conduit, a valve interposed in said conduit, a

second fluid pressed member in -fluid communication with said source through said ported fluid pressed member, a movable member in connection with both of said fluid pressed members, means responsive to movement of said movable member to close said valve, and means operable at will to open said valve.

7. A hydraulic machine for the hot working of a yieldable metal specimen, said machine comprising a hydraulic accumulator, a cylinder, a conduit connecting said cylinder and said accumulator for fluid flow therebetween, a piston slidable in said cylinder, yieldable means to push said piston in one direction of movement to store energy by fluid flow to said accumulator, a first valve in said conduit automatically operable to lock the energy stored in said accumulator, and a second valve in said conduit operable at will to return the energy from said accumulator to said yieldable means.

8. A hydraulic machine comprising a cylinder, a piston slidable in said cylinder, means to push said piston in one direction of movement, a source of fluid under pressure, means to oppose movement of said piston in said one direction of movement and also to effect movement of said piston in the opposite direction of `movement,-

accumulator with said cylinder, a first valve means interposed in'said first conduit to automatically close said conduit against now of fluid in one direction, a second valve means interposed in said second conduit to automatically close said conduit against flow of fluid in one direction and means operable at will to by-pass said second valve means for two-way fluid flowin said secon-d conduit.

'9. A hydraulic machine comprising a cylinder, a piston slidable in saidcylinder, a hydraulic accumulator, a first conduit connecting said cylinder withv said accumulator and having valve means interposed to automatically close said conduit against fluid flow in one direction, a second conduit connecting said accumulator with said cylinder and having a first valve means interposed to automatically close said conduit against fluid flow in one direction, a second valve means in said conduit operable to alternately open and close said conduit, and a third valve means in said conduit connected for selected operation with said second valve means to by-pass said first valve means for two-Way fluid flow in said conduit.

10. A hydraulic machine comprising' a support, a pair of spaced stationary members extending from said support, a rst cylinder and a second cylinder in nested relation adapted to be entered between said pair of spaced stationary members at-a first position adjacent said support and to be guided by said members while being moved to a second position therebetween and remote from said support, and means to secure one of said cylinders tosaid pair of stationary members in-its second position.

11. A hydraulic machine comprising a support, a pair of spaced stationary members extending from said support, a first cylinder removably positioned between said spaced members forv guided and supported movement thereby, av second cylinder slidable in said rst cylinder and adapted to extend outwardly of an end of said first cylinder, a piston slidable in said second cylinder, and a member connected to said piston and slidable in said support for guided and supported movement of said second cylinder.

12. A hydraulic machine comprising a support, a pair of spaced arms extending normally from said support, a rst cylinder disposed between said arms and in engagement therewith, a flrst piston slidable in said first cylinder, a member slidable in said support, a second cylinder secured to said rst piston and extending beyond an end of said first cylinder, a second piston in said second cylinder and secured to said movable member, means dening a slot inthe. wall of said second cylinder, said movable.m'ember being entered in said slot for movement therein.

13.-A hydraulic machine comprising av first cylinder open at one end, a second cylinder open at one end and slidable in said rst cylinder, a support, iiuid pressure mean's normally urging, the open end of said second cylinder into engagement with said support, a movable member slidable in said support, a piston slidable-in said second cylinder and connected to said movable member, said movable member being arranged movable to abut said second cylinder for movement therewith. l

WILLIAM H. SPIRE. 

